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Page 1 of 6  Objects of application and a task of means of physical protection carry to means of information security mechanical, electronic-mechanical, electromechanical, optical, acoustic, laser, radio and wireless and other devices, systems and the constructions intended for creation of physical obstacles in a way to the protected information and capable to carry out independently or in a complex with other means of function of protection of the information. At the description of the means forming a physical barrier to access to the information, their hardware realization will be resulted also, therefore we shall not consider the hardware realizing internal functions information security which are considered. has historically developed so, that by the moment of occurrence of a problem of protection of the information physical means of protection already existed, as they basically do not differ from for a long time used means of protection of banks, museums, shops. However it is necessary to mean, that for protection of the information and objects where it is stored, processed and circulates, more complex and perfect means are used.
Physical means represent the first boundary of protection of the information and elements of computing systems and consequently maintenance of physical integrity of such systems and their devices is a necessary condition of security of the information. Reviews also were earlier devoted to this. To development and introduction of physical means of protection pays the big attention in leading foreign countries what it is possible to judge even under the directory of/26/means of protection where the list more than 200 firms which make is resulted and deliver the equipment of protection and render services on its installation and operation. We list the primary goals solved by physical means information security:
1. Protection of territory.
2. Protection of internal premises and supervision over them.
3. Protection of the equipment and moved data carriers.
4. Realization of controllable access in protected zones.
5. Neutralization of radiations.
6. An obstacle to visual supervision.
7. Fire-prevention protection.
8. Blocking of actions of the malefactor. According to territory should be whenever possible surrounded with a fence, and perimeter of a building to have a looked through controllable zone. Purpose of fences, lattices, the screens, special glassing is obvious. Supervision over a controllable zone can be carried out various television, radar-tracking, laser, optical, acoustic, cable and other systems, and also systems of various gauges which are connected to the central board, alarm signals whence move. In the central board monitors, evident circuits of protected territory with identification of a place of infringement, and also the small COMPUTER intended for processing of signals from various devices of management, connected with gauges and others systems the security signal system, and other purposes can be placed. The COMPUTER serially interrogates peripheral devices of management. For protection against possible connection of the malefactor to communication lines between managing devices and the COMPUTER can be stipulated generation of casual not repeating combinations of pulses. The system of protection of territories and premises System of protection of territory and system protection of premise solve basically the same task: To not admit(allow) penetration of malefactors on protected territory. With increase in number and values of the information stored in them importance those systems continuously grows. Studying a role of safety and privacy in modern and the research organizations, experts come to a conclusion, which losses from insufficient protection sharply grow every year. Taking into account developed coquetry, the increasing number of foreign firms specializes on development, manufacture and installation of systems of protection of the most different type. In the capitalist countries some tens firms and the organizations developing and making a wide spectrum of means of protection, organizing their installation and operation and providing consultations on application and training of the personnel are annually created. Modern firms frequently provide to the clients complex service.
At the enterprise of firm the equipment which further is established and tested by experts Pro-Tec is made. Usually the group of advisers includes in the structure of experts on all aspects of a problem of protection. Engineers and scientists of other specialties are in case of need involved. The firm provides so preparation of the personnel for service of systems from among employees of the organization of the client. However firm Pro-Tec is not limited to performance of all complex projects. It can undertake performance of separate elements of work, for example, only consultation or drawing up of the project, or creation of system from the means available of the client. As example of multipurpose system of protection system Secutron offered by the West-German firm Ebro Elektron GmbH 5100/58/can serve. It is universal system with any accommodation of gauges and the automatic control of functioning which provides circular protection of territory against penetration of malefactors, protection of internal premises against breaking and intrusion, and the signal system against dangerous concentration of poisonous gases and about flooding protected premises, reliable protection against a fire. Signals from gauges submit to an on duty premise of protection and in branch of police and fire protection. The microwave and ultrasonic systems. To protection of territory and premises are applied ultrasonic/information system security/and the microwave gauges and systems. They are intended for detection of moving objects, definition of their sizes, speed and a direction of moving. The principle of their action is based on change of frequency of the signal reflected from moving object (dollar effect). Ultrasound gauges are applied, as a rule for protection of internal premises of a building.
Almost in all advanced capitalist countries are issued numerous.. And microwaves - GAUGES systems. It is possible to name such firms, as MESL/Great Britain/-series Spacegurd SX; Adv. int. Inc/Belgium/series KAB Electronics/Italia/series RM, etc. As an example we shall consider in more detail microwave - SYSTEM of protection of English firm Shorrock Security Systems. It is intended for protection of perimeter of territory and will consist of several receivers - transmitters and the central board of a post of protection in standard and special performance. Range of action of one pair sensitive elements more... M. The alarm signal moves at crossing by moving objects of a beam of microwave - ENERGY. There is an opportunity of connection of chambers, spotlights and sound alarm. Operation of spotlights and sound alarm is provided at detection of infringement as means of psychological influence. The television chamber can go manually or automatically. At detection of infringement on the tele-monitor of the board the image of a disturbing site is automatically deduced. The system is supplied with the standard power supply with the signal system of damages and refusals. There is an opportunity of regulation of sensitivity absolute size of change of a level of the signal necessary for submission of alarm, and on the period of time during which such change should be registered. Adjustment is made for everyone the receiver-transmitter. The firm guarantees non-failure operation of system in a range of temperatures of-40...+60 degrees. The board of system includes two telemonitors, the evident circuit of protected territory with indication of a place of infringement, the device of full check, a communication facility. At alarm on the board lights up vision the indicator and the sound signal is included. In case of occurrence of the second alarm when the first is still displayed, there is only a visual indication. On any refusal or attempt of damage of sensitive elements and the power supply it is automatically informed on the board. Systems security-and microwaves - protection have the common fault consisting in significant influence of external conditions on occurrence of false alarms. The detailed analysis of the reasons of occurrence is lead. We list the basic from them: In case of internal application: actions of the personnel of establishments, influence of external transport, impulses of air, strong radio-frequency noise, phone calls, noise of planes, a thunder. In case of external application (only the microwave): actions of the personnel of establishment, impulses of a wind (carrying branches, a paper, etc.), Moving large animals, radio-frequency noise, moving of set of fine animals. The careful organization of use of systems of the microwave and -protection and a correct choice of an installation site of sensitive elements is required. Infra-red systems are applied mainly inside premises as at their use on open air the situations causing occurrence of false alarms (impulses of air, moving of animals, the -irradiation, etc.) are probable .
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